#申明乙個函式,第乙個引數是整型,第二個引數是list型別
# l 有乙個預設值,預設值為空列表
def f(x,l=):
for i in range(x):
print(l)
# f(2) = f(2,l=)
f(2)
#輸出 [0,1]
f(3,[3,2,1])
#結果:[3,2,1,0,1,4]
f(3)
#結果:[0,1,4]
如果在同一檔案下執行,會有一點影響,f(3)會記住f(2)記憶體,輸出[0,1,,0,1,4]
或者可以在f(3)更改為f(3,l=),把l重新定義為空list
'''函式的關鍵字
def 定義函式
return 返回值
pass 濾過
exit(1) 直接退出
'''def add1(x,y):
print(x+y)
def add2(x,y):
return x+y
##差別
add1(1,2)
result = add2(1,2)
print(result)
def hello():
pass
print("hello")
#pass直接濾過,不輸出hello
def hello():
exit(1)
print("hello")
#exit(1)直接退出
'''函式的引數
*args tuple引數,對應賦值
**kwargs dict引數,對應賦值
fun(*args,**kwargs)
fun(1,2,3,4,5,a=10,b=40)
'''def test(m,*args,**kwargs):
print("m = ".format(m))
print("args = ".format(args))
print("kwargs = ".format(kwargs))
test(10,args=(1,11,12))
#test(m=10,1,2,3,a=1,b=2)
匿名函式的定義：
顧名思義就是沒有名字的函式，
lambda 函式是一種快速定義單行的最小函式，可以用在任何需要函式的地方
def fun(x,y)
return x*y
lambda版本：
r = lambda x,y:x*y
ss求絕對值（abs）
'''匿名函式
def add(x,y):
return x+y
add = lambda x,y:x+y
'''def add(x,y):
return x+y
add = lambda x,y:x+y
'''高階函式 裝逼函式
都是可以通過**邏輯實現的
但是你寫到函式的複雜程式,或者演算法不一定有人家內建的好
'''def f(x):
return x*x
for i in map(f,[1,2,3,4]):
print(i)
def f(x):
return x*x
print(list((map(f,[1,2,3,4]))))
def testmap(fun,iter):
l = list()
for i in iter:
return l
print(testmap(f,[1,2,3,4]))
#reduce
#filter(lambda x:x%2 == 1,[1,2,3,4,5])
#能符合lambda x:x%2 的留下,不符合的去掉
# def add(x,y):
# return x+y
# reduce(f,[1,2,3,4,5])
# 1,2 = 3
# 3, 3 = 6
# 6,4 = 14
# 10,5 = 15
唯一用得比較多的,就是sorted函式
# sorted(iterable,key,reverse)
# iterable 乙個可迭代的物件
# key 對什麼進行排序
# reverse bool型別,如果為true為反序,如果為false為正序
# 返回值是乙個list
print(sorted([1,4,342,3,45,76,435,34],reverse=true))
m = dict(a=1,c=10,b=20,d=15)
print(m)
print(sorted(m.items(),key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=false))
#print(sorted(m.items(),key = lambda d:d[1],reverse = true))
#字典有三種初始化的方法
#第一種 dict(a=1,b=2 )
#第二種
#第三種 dict([("a",1),("b",2)])
m = dict(a=1,c=10,b=20,d=15)
print(m)
print(dict(sorted(m.items(),key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=false)))
'''列表生成式
[exp for val in collection if condition]
生成器'''
def jgg():
number = list()
for i in range(1,10):
for a in [x for x in range(1,10)]:
for b in [x for x in range(1,10) if x != a]:
for c in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != a and x != b]:
for d in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != a and x != b and x != c]:
for e in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != a and x != b and x != c and x != d]:
for f in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != a and x != b and x != c and x != d and x != e]:
for g in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != a and x != b and x != c and x != d and x != e and x != f]:
for h in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != a and x != b and x != c and x != d and x != e and x != f and x != g]:
for i in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != a and x != b and x != c and x != d and x != e and x != f and x != g and x != h]:
if (a+b+c == d+e+f == g+h+i ==15):
print("a = b = c = d = e = f = g = h = i = ".format(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i))
jgg()
a1 = (x for x in range(1,10) if x%2==0)
print(a1)
#python2 a1.next()
print(next(a1)) #python3是直接呼叫next方法
print("##"*10)
for i in a1:
print(i)
def test():
a= 1
for i in range(1,10):
yield i
a += 1
# return i
#returun 和yield的區別
#yield 可以理解成return,但是比return多一些角色
# yield 每次
m = test()
print(m)
def px(item):
pass
result = ""
with codecs.open("passwd","r") as f:
result = sorted(f.readlines(),key=lambda item: int(item.split(":")[2]))
with codecs.open("sortpasswd","w") as f:
f.writelines(result)
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