Linux C併發控制

linux執行緒介面也稱為pthread或posix執行緒，linux2.6以後，採用native posix執行緒庫的新執行緒實現。

1，互斥量

標頭檔案pthread_mutex_t mtx = pthread_mutex_initializer;

靜態分配：

pthread_mutex_t mtx = pthread_mutex_initializer;

int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *attr)

int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)

操作函式：

int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)

int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)

int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)

互斥量型別：

pthread_mutex_normal：不具有死鎖檢測功能，如執行緒試圖對已由自己鎖定的互斥量加鎖，則發生死鎖，互斥量處於未鎖定狀態，或者已由其他執行緒鎖定，對其解鎖會導致不確定的結果（在linux上，對這類互斥量的上述兩種操作都會成功）。

pthread_mutex_recursive：遞迴互斥量維護乙個計數器，加鎖遞增計數器，解鎖遞減計數器，為0時，釋放該互斥量。

2，讀寫鎖

int pthread_rwlock_init(pthread_rwlock_t *restict rwlock, const pthread_rwlockattr_t *restrict attr);

int pthread_rwlock_destroy(pthread_rwlock_t *restict rwlock);

int pthread_rwlock_rdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *restict rwlock);

int pthread_rwlock_wrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *restict rwlock);

int pthread_rwlock_unlock(pthread_rwlock_t *restict rwlock);

3，條件變數

int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *restict cond, const pthread_condattr_t *restrict attr);

int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond);

int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *restict cond, pthread_mutex_t *restrict cond);

int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *restict cond, pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, const struct timespec *restrict tsptr);

int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond);

int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond);

4，自旋鎖

int pthread_spin_init(pthread_spinlock_t *lock,int pshared);

int pthread_spin_destroy(pthread_spinlock_t *lock);

int pthread_spin_lock(pthread_spinlock_t *lock);

int pthread_spin_trylock(pthread_spinlock_t *lock);

int pthread_spin_unlock(pthread_spinlock_t *lock);

5，屏障

屏障是使用者協調多個執行緒並行工作的同步機制，允許每個執行緒等待，直到有合作的執行緒都到達某一點，然後從該點繼續執行。

int pthread_barrier_init(pthread_barrier_t *restrict barrier, const pthread_barrierattr_t *restrict attr, unsigned int count)

int pthread_barrier_destroy(pthread_barrier_t *barrier)

int pthread_barrier_wait(pthread_barrier_t *barrier)