基於matplotlib庫下animation、pyplot功能進行的乙個生態的模擬程式，參考了一些網上視覺化的教程和生態模擬的引數。在本程式中由4種東西構成生態系統，草、草食動物、肉食動物、空地，使用了搜尋的演算法、random函式來模擬動物進食關係，以及動物的捕食動向，最後通過times間隔每秒展示出animation動態圖的畫面。
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import numpy as np
def addgrass(_num):
for i in range(_num):
x = np.random.randint(0, size)
y = np.random.randint(0, size)
while grid[x][y] != 0:
x = np.random.randint(0, size)
y = np.random.randint(0, size)
grid[x][y] = 1 # 1代表草
def addgrasseater(_num):
for i in range(_num):
x = np.random.randint(0, size)
y = np.random.randint(0, size)
while grid[x][y] != 0:
x = np.random.randint(0, size)
y = np.random.randint(0, size)
grid[x][y] = 2 # 2代表食草動物
def addmeateater(_num):
for i in range(_num):
x = np.random.randint(0, size)
y = np.random.randint(0, size)
while grid[x][y] != 0 or growaround(x, y, 2) == [-1, -1]:
x = np.random.randint(0, size)
y = np.random.randint(0, size)
grid[x][y] = 3 # 3代表食肉動物
def growaround(_x, _y, _id):
field =
if _x-1 < 0:
x_begin = 0
else:
x_begin = _x-1
if _y-1 < 0:
y_begin = 0
else:
y_begin = _y-1
if _x+1 > size-1:
x_end = size-1
else:
x_end = _x+1
if _y+1 > size-1:
y_end = size-1
else:
y_end = _y+1
for i in range(x_begin, x_end+1):
for j in range(y_begin, y_end+1):
if grid[i][j] == _id or grid[i][j] == _id*10: # 2代表食草動物，1代表草，0代表空地
field += [[i, j]]
if len(field) == 0: # 沒有食物或者空地
return [-1, -1]
else:
count = np.random.randint(0, len(field))
return field[count]
def fieldupdate():
for i in range(size):
for j in range(size):
if grid[i][j] == 30:
grid[i][j] = 3
elif grid[i][j] == 20:
grid[i][j] = 2
elif grid[i][j] == 10:
grid[i][j] = 1
def data_gen():
for count in range(times):
timestext.set_text('times: %d' % (count+1))
for i in range(size):
for j in range(size):
if grid[i][j] == 3:
place = growaround(i, j, 2)
if place == [-1, -1]:
grid[i][j] = 0 # 食肉動物死亡
else:
grid[i][j] = 0
grid[place[0]][place[1]] = 30 # 食肉動物進食並移動
growth = growaround(i, j, 0)
if growth != [-1, -1]:
grid[growth[0]][growth[1]] = 30 # 食肉動物繁殖
if grid[i][j] == 2:
place = growaround(i, j, 1)
if place == [-1, -1]:
grid[i][j] = 0 # 食草動物死亡
else:
grid[i][j] = 0
grid[place[0]][place[1]] = 20 # 食草動物進食並移動
growth = growaround(i, j, 0)
if growth != [-1, -1]:
grid[growth[0]][growth[1]] = 20 # 食草動物繁殖
elif grid[i][j] == 1:
growth = growaround(i, j, 0)
if growth != [-1, -1]:
grid[growth[0]][growth[1]] = 10 # 草生長
fieldupdate()
yield grid
def update(_data):
ax.imshow(_data, interpolation='nearest', cmap='set3', norm=norm)
return ax
times = 100 # 迭代次數
size = 40
grid = np.zeros((size, size)) # 0代表空地
addgrass(1200)
addgrasseater(150)
addmeateater(30)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)
norm = matplotlib.colors.normalize(vmin=0, vmax=3) # 固定數值對應的顏色對映
gci = ax.imshow(grid, interpolation='nearest', cmap='set3', norm=norm)
ax.set_xticks()
ax.set_yticks()
cbar = plt.colorbar(gci)
cbar.set_ticks(np.linspace(0, 3, 4))
cbar.set_ticklabels(('space', 'grass', 'grasseater', 'meateater'))
timestext = plt.text(-2, -2, 'times: 0')
ani = animation.funcanimation(fig, update, data_gen, interval=1000, repeat=false)
plt.show()
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