有效的數獨
判斷乙個 9x9 的數獨是否有效。只需要根據以下規則，驗證已經填入的數字是否有效即可。
數字 1-9 在每一行只能出現一次。
數字 1-9 在每一列只能出現一次。
數字 1-9 在每乙個以粗實線分隔的 3x3 宮內只能出現一次。
上圖是乙個部分填充的有效的數獨。
數獨部分空格內已填入了數字，空白格用 『.』 表示。
示例 1:
輸入:
[ ["5","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."],
["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."],
[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."],
["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"],
["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"],
["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"],
[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."],
[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"],
[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]
]輸出: true
輸入:
[ ["8","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."],
["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."],
[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."],
["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"],
["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"],
["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"],
[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."],
[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"],
[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]
]輸出: false
解釋: 除了第一行的第乙個數字從 5 改為 8 以外，空格內其他數字均與 示例1 相同。
但由於位於左上角的 3x3 宮內有兩個 8 存在, 因此這個數獨是無效的。
乙個有效的數獨（部分已被填充）不一定是可解的。
只需要根據以上規則，驗證已經填入的數字是否有效即可。
給定數獨序列只包含數字 1-9 和字元 '.' 。
給定數獨永遠是 9x9 形式的。
大神的**：
dic_row = [{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{}]
dic_col = [{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{}]
dic_box = [{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{}]
# 一次遍歷，根據 i、j可知道每個值的位置 屬於哪個3 x 3 , 行、列
for i in range(len(board)):
for j in range(len(board)):
num = board[i][j]
if num == ".":
continue
elif num not in dic_row[i] and num not in dic_col[j] and num not in dic_box[3 *(i//3) + (j//3)]:
dic_row[i][num] = 1
dic_col[j][num] = 1
dic_box[3 *(i//3) + (j // 3)][num] = 1
else:
return false
return true
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