over：視窗函式
建表及插入資料：
create table temp.over_test (
name string,
part string,
salary decimal(30,8),
age string
)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\036'
stored as rcfile;
insert into table temp.over_test select '11','a','100','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '21','a','211','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '11','a','323','34' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '241','b','432','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '231','b','123','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '2121','a','422','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '2012','a','422','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '13','c','131','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '123','b','34','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '342','e','789','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '1222231','s','555','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '675','e','666','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '51','b','33','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '41','b','222','12' ;
insert into table temp.over_test select '11','a','36','12' ;
應用：
select * from temp.over_test
select name,salary,max(salary)over(partition by part) from temp.over_test
select name,part,salary, sum(salary)over(order by salary range between 20 preceding and 20 following) mm
from temp.over_test--salary +-20範圍內salary相加
select name,part,salary, sum(salary)over(order by salary rows between 1 preceding and 2 following) mm
from temp.over_test--前1後2行一起相加
select name,part,salary, rank()over(partition by part order by salary desc) from temp.over_test--跳號排序1、1、3
select name,part,salary, row_number()over(partition by part order by salary desc) from temp.over_test--排序加唯一行號
select name,part,salary, dense_rank()over(partition by part order by salary desc) from temp.over_test--不跳號排序1、1、2
select name,part,salary, sum(salary)over(partition by part order by salary) from temp.over_test--本次之前salary相加
select name,part,salary, lag(cast(salary as string),1,'')over(order by salary) as qian from temp.over_test--排序後前一行值，無用''代替（string 型別下有效）
select name,part,salary, lead(cast(salary as string),1,'')over(partition by part order by salary desc) as qian--後一行資料
from temp.over_test
select name,part,salary, ntile(4)over(order by salary desc) as qian from temp.over_test--資料四分片返回所在分偏值
select salary,ratio_to_report(salary)over() from temp.over_test --didn't support 求salary的百分比
select name,part,salary,percent_rank()over(partition by part order by name desc) from temp.over_test--(所在行-1)/(分類後總行-1)
select name,part,salary,cume_dist()over(partition by part order by salary desc) from temp.over_test--[所在行-1(並列則+並列數-1)]/總行數
select salary,
percentile_cont(0.7) within group(order by salary) over(partition by part) "percentile_cont",
percent_rank()over(partition by part order by name desc) from temp.over_test
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